Abnormal or excessive movement between vertebrae that causes pain, deformity, or neurological symptoms is referred to as spinal instability. Damage to discs, ligaments, facet joints, or vertebrae may be the cause.

Reasons

• Trauma
• Degenerative alterations
• Congenital abnormalities
• Changes following surgery
• Infections or tumors

Symptoms

• Back pain that is mechanical
• Pain that gets worse when you move
• Spasms in the muscles
• Symptoms of nerve root compression

Diagnosis

• X-rays of flexion-extension
• MRI
• CT scan

Treatment

• Exercises for strengthening the core
• Bracing
• Pain control
• Stabilization or fusion surgery